An Overview of Paul's View of the Law as Shown Primarily in His Research Paper

An Overview of Paul's View of the Law as Shown Primarily in His Letters to the Galatians and the Romans - Research Paper Example Permitting law to be above everyone only makes one a slave. According to Paul, salvation cannot be based on one’s ability to keep the law since no one is perfect which could mean all are cursed. The law is supposed to guide but not to enslave or condemn. Pauls warns gentiles that they are accountable and will still face judgement since it is possible to be disobedient even in absence of the laws. He ascertains that the laws will also judge those who commit offences by the laws. The main theme Paul wants to clarify is that salvation from sin is through faith as opposed to the Jewish believes that it was on basis on strict observation of law. 9 Bibliography 10 Paul’s View of the Law as in his Letters to the Galatians and the Romans Introduction The term law has several definitions and denotes a number of things. It is used in reference to norms that guide the conduct of people. It is also a scheme of regulations and guidelines that govern the behaviour of people. Law can also be a description of as set of practices that binds a group of people. Paul’s view on the law and jurisdiction occupies a fundamental position as far as comprehending Pauline’s theology is concerned. ... A reason for this contradictory approach could be that Paul was trying to show the negative features of the law. He was thus cautioning the Galatians against considering observance of law as the only requirement for salvation. Paul mainly uses the term law in reference to Mosaic Law though he at times displays Abrahamic covenant as a form of guidelines that should direct Christians who are not bound to slavery by Judaism. In his letters to both Galatians and Romans, Paul clarifies that circumcision, which was a cherished Jewish tradition is not constituent of gospel of Christ. He asserts that salvation is by Gods grace and not out of our efforts, thus it is for all but not Jews alone as Judaism proposed. This paper focuses on Paul’s outlook on the law as portrayed by his letters to the Galatians and the Romans. Law in the Early Church When Paul wrote these letters, Christianity was novel and foreign to the Jewish civilization that insisted on strict observance of the law. He w rote the letters to address the different churches facing different conditions. To understand Paul’s utterances about law, it is important to have an understanding of the viewpoint of the people he was addressing in his letter. Pauline epistles were written to a society that revered Judaism, which demanded austere compliance to Jewish laws. Such laws include bodily male circumcision as a compulsory requirement for salvation. Those who did not abide were considered gentiles and unrighteous.1 Paul’s efforts to dismantle some of their customs received opposition to an extent that some went following him from church to church to revise his teaching2. Within the same Church were Pharisees who believed

Worker compensation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Worker compensation - Essay Example nd the companies with modified duty programme to be better, and for these reason insurance companies normally lower the business workers’ compensation premiums for such companies. Placing the injured employees into modified work programme makes the employees to realize that time off of work is a rare event, and not a paid vacation. This move in consequence discourages the employees dishonestly requesting for paid vacations. Another advantage of implementing modified duty programme is that the employees will work within their ability, thus helping the Company to getting productive work its employees; the modified duty programme also makes the employees to return to their regular jobs faster. Modified duty programme also allows the employees to easily get into their normal routine, thus preventing the employees from being overwhelmed with work. This programme also makes the employees to feel important and appreciated by the Company for which they work. The employees under the mo dified work programme are paid by the Company and they are allowed to resume their work earlier. Modified duty programme also helps Companies to maintain a well-informed workforce, which of big advantage to the Company. An effective light/modified duty programme gives a detailed description of each work done in the work place. Since supervisors and managers are aware of the work being done within a business organization, they can make a list of all work done in the business organization. There is need for uniformity on the format for how everything is written down and described in the Company. With this kind of information, employees can easily find jobs that suit injured employees. Bearing in mind the common workplace injuries, the employees can plan beforehand on what kinds of jobs can be done with the employees with certain injuries. There is need for effective communication between the medical providers and the Company in which the Company informs the medical providers of the kind

Create a spreadsheet Essay Example for Free

Create a spreadsheet Essay Introduction For the last 6 years I have been driving karts in the national championship, I have moved up through the junior ranks and am now into my last year of junior karting at the highest level of 100cc J. I. C. A. racing before moving into the senior karting classes next year. I have noticed that although the results for each race are recorded off transponders, arranging them into points and championship order can be very slow and in accurate. I plan to create a spreadsheet, which quick and easily adds up the points into a table just by typing the finishing positions into one of the sheets. The system will automatically change the scores for points and place them into a table with points order. I will be able to broadcast this onto the Internet with a site I shall create. I will then ask people who want the scores to each event to sign up, they will then be added to a mailing list and will have the results posted to them each time they are amended. I could also use this site to advertise for some sponsors. If enough people where to visit I think it would be worth wile the sponsors advertising on my site. Analysis For me to be able to analyse each task successfully I will have to read the booklet carefully deciding what the tasks are, that I need to analyse and how many of the tasks there are. There of course many small problems which go together to make the big problem these problems are as follows. 1. System to create a drivers championship 2. use a database to create a mailing list 3. A4 sheet to display the championship table Problems This sheet shows an explanation of all the problems, I will demonstrate what exactly it is that I plan to do in a short account for all three Task1 System to create a drivers championship Problem I must create a championship table using a computer program that I have at my disposal. The reason for my doing this is that over the past few years of karting that I have been involved, the organisation of karting has improved with the introduction of computers, but still the scouring is done in an insufficient way were as the scores are taken down by hand and then just simply typed out on the computer. My aim is to create a system to score a championship simply by typing in the finishing position of each driver. The number of points for each finishing position will already be stored in the computer and just by typing in the finishing position, the computer will work out which driver has how many points and the computer wil then sort the scores out into the order of the highest scoring person first in the table. Task2 Database mailing list Problem For my second task I will create a mailing list of all the drivers taking part in each championship, after each round in the race calendar I will send the amended results to each of the people involved in that particular race. I will have to use filters to decide and make sure that I send he right table to the right driver at the right time. With there being over 200 drivers involved in each championship, sorting the correct table and sending it to the correct drivers may be quite a complicated task to do. Task3 Desk top publishing Problem As my final task I shall use a desktop publishing program to create a distinctive piece of paper which displays the championship table, which I will have already created, so that it is easy to read and stands out. I will then use my database mailing list to send out the right number of copies required to each driver. Analysis Task1 System to create a drivers championship For me to be able to complete this task I first must analyse the points that will need to be output and the points that will need to be input. Information to output   Various A4 sheets for each class showing the championship in the order of points: this should contain the number of drivers in each class, the drivers race numbers, the points they have scored at each round and the total number of points scored by each driver.   The round at which the points where scored: this will have to be shown on the sheet to show after which round of the championship the points were in that order. Points for places: the points that are available for each finishing position. These will have to be somewhere on the table so that the points can be checked against that of the table. Information to input   When I am creating this scoring system I will have to input the necessary points that are scored for each finishing position.   I will have to add in the drivers names so that I can just add the finishing positions along side them.   My second input will be formulas this is because the computer will have to workout from the points, who has scored what. I will also have to add any other inputs that are needed for me to be able to get the necessary outputs Judgement of completing the task   I will know when I have completed the task because by inputting the drivers finishing positions the computer should workout the total points each driver has scored.   This task will be complete when all testing has been finished and scoring system is accurate giving the correct points of each driver Testing For this task I will have to test whether or not my system and formulas work to give an accurate score for each driver. To test my system I will type in different finishing positions, which I know the total to. If the final score is different to what it should be I will know there is something wrong. I will then have to check I have typed in all the formulae correct and the points for positions are also correct. After completing this testing I will have completed the task so that it works correctly giving the right answers. Analysis Task2 Database for mailing list This problem also means that I will need to create a system for informing the drivers who are competing in the championship what the points standings are after each round. When implementing this task I want the computer to show which drivers race in which categories, this is so I dont send the wrong table to the wrong driver. Information to output I will create a database using various fields for which I can have the necessary information, on addresses and the types of class each person races in. to do this I must first decide what information I need to get out of the computer and then following that. The information that I will need to put in, to get the out puts. Shows all the drivers names: I want the computer to show all the drivers names in the database, along with their details.   Filters: there must be filters in use for this database to function properly, this is because I require the ability to send different sets of results out on different days. For example one category of karts may have not raced at a certain round and so it is not necessary for me to send them a copy of their championship table.

Equality is promoted in Sikhism

Equality is promoted in Sikhism The word Sikh means student in the Punjabi language. Sikhs are students and followers of Guru Nanak (b. 1469), the founder of the Sikh tradition. Guru Nanak was succeeded by nine Gurus or holy teachers. Since 1708, the Sikh Guru has been their religious scripture, the Guru Granth Sahib. There are over 20 million Sikhs worldwide, making Sikhism the fifth largest organized religion in the world. (http://www.sikhnextdoor.org/students/learn) This essay will attempt to evaluate ways in which equality is promoted, to achieve this, is vital to overlook at some of the teachings of Sikhism . One of the main aspect of Sikh practical response to equality can be found in the teachings of the Gurus starting with Nanak, the first Guru, who after he had a powerful mystical experience, in which he received a divine calling to bring people to an awareness of God, said there is no Hindu, there is no Muslim. This brief statement give us a glimpse of a new starting process towards equality, starting from understanding oneness ( Shackle and Arvind,2005,pg.43.). The teachings of the Gurus are not set as philosophical treaties or codes, but as poetry with a strong devotional prominence, which is designed to be sung or recited. Sikhism does not derive from any established creed, it does not fight any preceding one. Sikh philosophy and religion are enlighten from within the Indian heritage. Far from dissociating it completely from Hinduism ,they have accepted the Hindu pantheon of Gods without any dispute. Lakshmi, Durga, Brahma, Shiva and Vishnu are celebrated deities in the songs of the gurus. There is no attempt to deny their existence or divinity. The effort is only to put them as lesser deities serving the supreme Lord. (KAUR RAIT, 2005,pg.17) Sikhism preaches a message of devotion and remembrance of God at all time , truthful living, and equality of mankind. Because of this Sikhism is open to all through the teachings of its ten Gurus enshrined in the Sikh Holy Book and the living Guru Sri Guru Grand Sahib . The Sikh philosophy and teachings put great emphasis on the importance of putting others before oneself. where self exists there is no God. Where God exists there is no self.(Guru Nanak) It promotes a classless society, giving more importance to virtue than wealth. The status of an individual should be determined by deeds or merits not by class position. All should be treated as equal irrespective of their material resources. Guru Arjun Dev said, The wisdom of God looks upon all alike, such as the wind that blows alike for the commoner and the King.(W.H. McLeod, 1999,pg.32) The Sikh concept of equality applies naturally to both man and women and is promoted through the teachings and practises of the Gurus. Sikhism advocates sex equality and accords women an equal place in society. At the emerging of Sikhism the Gurus condemned practices prevalent in India in the fifteenth century which undermined women, such us the veiling of women, sati and female infanticide. Sikhs allowed women to remarry, and Guru Nanak condemned the custom to wear the veil. in India sati and female infanticide were only legally abolished in the nineteenth century. Sikh Gurus allowed women free, unrestrained and equal participation in the spiritual as well as social life, in fact they give women what should always been theirs anyway; full equality to participate to religious services, to be equal partners in marriage and family life. If some of the men protested that women were ignorant, the Gurus said let them express their ignorance. Sikhism is a practical religion and has nowhere ignored facts. It recognises that women can speak out of ignorance, but so can man. (Nanak,2006, pg.150.) The achievement of equality is further demonstrated in the ceremonial custom of the Khalsa a form of baptism. New Members, male and female alike are committed to upholding the Rahit (Sikh code of ethics and rituals) and help the community. The importance to Sikhs for equality is also manifested in the Langar Meal (Community Kitchen) is part of the act of worship and is a very important aspect of Sikh life, it was instituted for a social issue , as the society was divided into many castes and the difference between Hindus and Muslims. It was made mandatory by Sikh Guru that only when one would sit down at the same level as the other and eat together that one can join the Sangat (Company of Holy).Thus, the cooking, cleaning of dishes and serving of food happens with everybody involved irrespective of their background. All of them sit on the ground, as it is consider to be leveled and eat food. These public activity were considered unimaginable amongst the principle of the class conscious Indian society. Where according to purification system, sharing of food, drink and utensils touched By someone from a lower caste was considered as made impure. (Nesbitt, 2005, pg 32.) The practice of Langar meal is still in effect at Gurudwara (Sikh place of worship). Another given name for langar is Pangat, Sikh families consider its a privilege to provide the langar and serve it to others.( Mayled, 2002,pg.12) On human rights, Gurus principles of equality was a natural thing that came from their faith. God loves us without distinctions of caste, creed, colour and sex. Equality implies tolerance of differences, existing in dress, food, custom and so on. For Sikh the state as a vital role to play in the formation of an ideal society. It is always stressed that whoever roles over the state should always be a dispensers of justice and equality and must never wield their authority despotically. They are responsible to God the Supreme Sovereign, for all their actions. They are only agent commissioned to govern in the manner of Platos; with justice, kindness, sympathy and promote the welfare of their people. They are to conduct their functions, as a mandate from God. To this last view the Sikh Gurus gave a revolutionary turn by emphasising that whoever rules is not responsible to God alone, but to the people as well, for whose good they are set up by God. Therefore if a ruler deviates from the path of justice and duty, it is just to offer resistance to his wrong doing.( O.P.Ralhan,1997,pg.72) The Sikh religion teaches that life continues after death in the soul and not in the physical body. Therefore the last act of giving and helping others through organs donation is both consistent with and in the spirit of Sikh teachings. (Benedetti, 2008,pg.57) To resume we can definitely say that from the beginning, Sikhism give women equality with men not only in religion`s affairs. Both attend services as equal members and conduct services, to work together In preparing and serving for the communal meal. They share equal responsibilities in all the social and cultural activities at the gurdwara. Sikh women and men take part on equal terms as president, secretaries, and activities organizers. The Sikh Gurus never said that man and women should play exactly the same role in every area of life. They thought that men and women should respect and value equally the different roles that each undertakes. In the Sikh marriage vows emphasis is on mutual faithfulness, and this again brings to our minds in another practical contest the word equality (Singh,1998,pg.22.). In view of all that has been presented so far, to many of us the ideal of equality to which Guru Nanak appealed the people in the fifteenth century significantly could serve as a model in our own day an age, and could give a new meaning, a new direction, a new authenticity to our own cause of equality chartered only in recent decades in the west. BIBLIOGRAPHY: ENRICO BENEDETTI ,2008,Living Donor Organs, McGraw Hill companies USA CHRISTHOPHER SHACKLE and ARVIND PAL SINGH MANDAIR,2005,Teaching of the Sikh Gurus, Published by Routledge,70 Madison Ave, New York. KANWALIJT KAUR SINGH, 1998,Sikhism for today, oxford University Press, Oxford, England NESBITT E., 2005 ,Sikhism A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England NIRMAL NANAK, 2006, pg.150, Sikh philosophy and religion, New down press group publisher, Slough, Berkshire, England O.P.RALHAN,1997, The great Gurus of the Sikh, Anmoul publications, New Delhi India. SATWANT KAUR RAIT, 2005, Sikh women, Trentham books Limited, Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire, England. W.H. MCLEOD, 1999,Sikhs and Sikhism, Oxford University press, New Delhi) http://www.sikhnextdoor.org/students/learn.html ACCESSED ON 7/04/2010

dyslexia Essays -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cau yon reab mwat I aw mriting? If yon caunot reab it waybe is is decanse this is hom a persou with byslexia wight reab somethiug. A person with dyslexia has a very difficult lifestyle to live. To understand dyslexia you must be aware of the causes, effects strategies, and teaching methods for coping with the disease. â€Å"Dyslexia means having difficulty with words in reading, spelling and writing – in spite of having normal intelligence and ability† (Make the Connection).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Scientists have been interested in dyslexia for a long time. For instance a scientist by the name of A. Kussmaul started researching this disorder in 1881. He came up with a theory of a certain inability as â€Å"word blindness† (history of dyslexia). The word dyslexia was first mentioned in 1887 by a professor by the name of R. Berlin. Scientists to this day are still unsure on what causes dyslexia, although they have a good idea of some of the factors that could have something to do with dyslexia. The only sure thing scientists do know about dyslexia is that there is no cure. Some causes of dyslexia are thought to be genetic factors, emotional problems, and defects of the nervous system. Even though these are thought to play a role in dyslexia, many experts are not convinced that these factors are causes of dyslexia (Make the connection). Dyslexia can occur at any level of intellectual ability. It is not the result of poor motivation, emotional disturbanc e, sensory impairment or lack of opportunities, but it may occur alongside any of these (Information on Dyslexia).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Identifying a child with dyslexia often takes a lot of time and tests. Many cases can often not be identified until the child is ten years of age. The reason for this is because a ten year old with dyslexia would only be able to read a few words or maybe a small sentence. Some studies have shown that monitoring responses of infant sounds could determine whether or not a person is going to develop dyslexia or not. Researchers have precisely picked 92% of dyslexics out of 186 children who were monitored 36 hours after their birth. After these conclusions were made, every two years until the child reached the age of eight, the children underwent a series of IQ and comprehension tests. This method, however, is not completely accurate. Five out of... ...ings, dyslexics are very bright. Many very intelligent and successful people suffered from dyslexia to some degree such as Albert Einstein and Thomas Edison (Famous People with the Gift of Dyslexia). Dyslexics just take a different approach to learning than others. With proper detection and treatment of dyslexia it is possible to overcome with help from proven methods of treatment. Work Cited Make the Connection, http://www.dyslexiaa2z.com/ October 26, 2004 Certificate in Teaching of Children with Dyslexia, http://www.dyslexia-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  teacher.com/index.htm Nov. 1, 2004 Facts on Dyslexia, http://www.alphabetmats.com/facts.html November 8, 2004 Famous People with the Gift of Dyslexia, http://www.dyslexia.com/qafame.htm   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  November 8, 2004 History of Dyslexia, http://www.clubi.ie/dyslexia/history.html October 27, 2004 Information on Dyslexia, http://www.dyslexia-inst.org.uk/ October 27, 2004 SIRS Publishing, Inc., SIRS Researcher. 4 Nov. 2000.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dyslexia, Behavioral Problems: A Fatty Acid Link? Treating Dyslexia in Children, http://www.familiesonline.co.uk/article/static/67 October 27, 2004

Crime and Punishment Quotes :: essays research papers

1. â€Å"†¦all is in a man's hands and he lets it all slip from cowardice, that's an axiom. It would be interesting to know what it is men are most afraid of.† –Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By saying this Raskolnikov suggests that men are capable of doing whatever they wish, and the only thing that holds them back are their fears. Because of this Raskolnikov wonders what man’s greatest fear is, and with that comes the one thing that no man is capable of doing. 2. â€Å"†¦for though Pyotr Petrovitch has been so kind as to undertake part of the expenses of the journey, that is to say, he has taken upon himself the conveyance of our bags and big trunks.† -Pulcheria Alexandrovna Raskolnikov   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is a passage from the letter that Rodion’s mother sent to him, his mother is telling him that Dounia’s fiancà © has taken care of the traveling expenses for Dounia and her mother to St. Petersburg. 3. â€Å"I see that I want nothing. Do you hear? Nothing at all . . . no one's services . . . no one's sympathy. I am by myself . . . alone. Come, that's enough. Leave me alone.† - Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After burying the goods he stole from the pawn broker, Raskolnikov is walking around and decides to visit his friend Razumihin. At first it is almost as if Raskolnikov planned on asking his friend for advice about what he should do about the murders he committed. However, he becomes very nervous and leaves his friend’s home as quickly as possible. 4. â€Å"Life is real! haven't I lived just now? My life has not yet died with that old woman! The Kingdom of Heaven to her--and now enough, madam, leave me in peace! Now for the reign of reason and light . . . and of will, and of strength!† –Raskolnikov   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Through speaking with Marmeladov’s daughter, Polenka, Raskolnikov realizes that life is worth living, and that it can still hold an important meaning. This sheds light on the fact that Raskolnikov realizes that even if a person is not capable of doing good, their life should not be ended. 5. â€Å"Ordinary men have to live in submission, have no right to transgress the law, because, don't you see, they are ordinary. But extraordinary men have a right to commit any crime and to transgress the law in any way, just because they are extraordinary.

Reading the poem Essay

In his poem ‘Slough’ Betjeman uses a number of ways to put across his views. The title itself suggests he feels that ‘Slough’ is an appropriate title, that a poem on the place deserves no better or imaginative title than just its name because the place is dull and unimaginative also, or that ‘Slough’ says it all already. The first line of the first stanza means you immediately know what he thinks, his opinion being straight to the point, asking ‘Come, friendly bombs, and fall on Slough’ which is a good use of juxtaposition as bombs are never seen as friendly, but in this case they would be if they bombed Slough as they would be doing him a favour. Asking for bombs to fall on Slough is an outrageous, extreme demand which he repeats in the second stanza and in the final stanza to reinforce his plea, and he also uses other extreme terms such as the people have Slough having ‘tasted Hell’ which shows clear dislike. He is very flippant about asking the bombs to blow Slough ‘to smithereens’ as if he wants no part of it left and it’s a reasonable demand. Betjeman’s phrases such as ‘It’s not their fault that they are mad’, ‘they do not know’ and ‘they often go’ makes it sound like he feels the people of Slough are alienated and are very different to himself, as if they were another species altogether, calling them ‘they’, disassociating them from himself, and being patronising about their lives. He also conveys his attitude of Slough by describing what he thinks of the people that live there such as the ‘man with the double chin’ who will ‘always cheat and always win’ and who he also refers to as a ‘stinking cad’. He is not complimentary about the people of Slough, like the wives with ‘peroxide hair’ and the men who sit in ‘bogus Tudor bars’ with nothing better to do. His descriptions of the people help explain why he dislikes Slough, and he is saying that it may be the people who live there that help to make it a bad place, so this is a view he has of Slough. But he also pities the people , saying ‘it’s not their fault’ so I think he is unsure himself whether it is the people making Slough a terrible place, or Slough making the people terrible. Either way, he subtly ridicules the people of Slough and their ways of life as he feels the wives sit and paint their nails’ and the men talk of cars and’belch’. Betjeman makes use of repetition such as the first line ‘Come, friendly bombs’ and, in the second stanza’ ‘Tinned fruit, tinned meat†¦ As repetition is a way of reinforcing and strengthening a statement or opinion. Making everything from the food to the minds and breath tinned makes it sound like the people of Slough are all the same and are dull and lifeless. He also uses alliteration in the form of ‘cabbages are coming’ and ‘grass to graze’ which help the lines to flow easily. He uses negative words clusters such as ‘Hell’, ‘repulsive’, ‘stinking’ and ‘dirty’ which show his view of Slough with strong words that appeal to the senses and the imagination of the reader. The tone of the poem is one of dislike, where Betjeman cares so little for Slough that he would cheerfully see it bombed and destroyed. This is a strong image because it must take extreme dislike for someone to want something bombed. The rhyme scheme of the poem also reveals his views because the pattern is AAAB so the first three lines of each stanza flow easily and quickly, and rhyme so the poem seems almost cheerful and happy. But the last line of each stanza is used to put across his point in a harsh phrase such as ‘They’ve tasted Hell’ and ‘Swarm over, Death! ‘ which brings the flowing stanza to an abrupt, harsher sounder end like ‘death’, ‘tears’, ‘Hell’ and ‘yell’. The majority of the stanzas finish at the end of a sentence and this is used to make strong end statements, then the next stanza will begin again in the slightly humorous tone, ridiculing Slough. The rhythm of the first three lines of each stanza is fast and light, but the rhythm is broken by the abrupt end of each stanza which breaks up the flow to remind the reader of what Slough is like. The rhythm of the poem is also Iambic Pentameter which means that Betjeman has used this to make the stresses of each line land on important words such as ‘bombs’, ‘blow’ and ‘mess’ so these words are emphasised when reading the poem, and stand out so they are noticed more. Betjeman uses certain phrases to imply that Slough is a fake, manufactured place because of the ‘air-conditioned, bright canteens’, the ‘bogus Tudor bars’ and the ‘synthetic air’. He seems to hate the fact that Slough is a place that has been built up with ‘labour-saving homes’ and has ruined the land so much that ‘There isn’t grass to graze a cow’ meaning they have built over all the land and ruined the landscape. In the final stanza, he wants to bomb Slough again so that it can be turned back into a nice place again where they can grow food and make use of the land, rather than wasting it like it is being misused now. He claims the people are false and materialistic as they do not know the ‘birdsong from the radio’ and ‘daren’t look up and see the stars’ because birdsong and stars are two of the beauties of nature that the people of Slough couldn’t possibly appreciate, in Betjeman’s opinion. Betjeman uses irony in his poem as he describes the ‘polished oak’ desk belonging to the ‘man with double chin’ and I think Betjeman has mentioned this because he feels that the land that was there before, has now been destroyed, with the trees all being cut down to make room for the buildings, and as if this wasn’t bad enough, the trees have been used to make the desks for the people who are responsible for ruining Slough which he sees as sadly ironic. One of Betjeman’s key phrases is ‘It isn’t fit for humans now’ which is a strong statement about the state of the place but also the use of the word ‘now’ at the end suggests how he feels Slough was not always like this and it has slowly been ruined over the years. In this way, I think the poem is tinged with sadness as he feels it has been ruined to the point where there is no way to solve it but to destroy it which is a very emotive, strong view. I think you can sum up Betjeman’s view of Slough by the line repeated at the beginning and end of the poem ‘Come, friendly bombs, and fall on Slough’.